Imbali ye-Pulse Oximetry

Njengoko i-coronavirus entsha isasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele, ukuqwalaselwa kwabantu kwezempilo kufikelele kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili.Ngokukodwa, isoyikiso esinokubakho se-coronavirus entsha emiphungeni nakwamanye amalungu okuphefumla yenza ukuba ukujonga impilo yemihla ngemihla kubaluleke ngakumbi.Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, izixhobo ze-pulse oximeter zisanda kufakwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla yabantu kwaye ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuhlola impilo yasekhaya.

Ke, ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani umqambi we-pulse oximeter yanamhlanje?
Njengenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi, i-pulse oximeter yanamhlanje yayingeyongqondo yengqondo eyedwa.Ukuqala kwimbono yakudala, ebuhlungu, ecothayo nengasebenziyo phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1800, kwaye ithatha ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane, izazinzulu ezininzi kunye neenjineli zonyango ziye zaqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo yetekhnoloji ekulinganiseni amanqanaba e-oksijini yegazi, bezama ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, okuphathekayo kunye nokungahambiyo. -indlela yokubetha i-pulse oximetry.
Ngowe-1840 iHemoglobin, ethwala iimolekyuli zeoksijini egazini, yafunyanwa
Phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1800, izazinzulu zaqala ukuqonda indlela umzimba womntu owufunxa ngayo ioksijini kwaye uyisasaze kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kwi-1840, uFriedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, ilungu le-German Biochemical Society, wafumanisa i-crystal structure ephethe i-oksijini egazini, ngaloo ndlela ihlwayela imbewu ye-pulse oximetry yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1864 uFelix Hoppe-Seyler wanika ezi zakhiwo zekristale zomlingo igama labo, ihemoglobin.Uhlolisiso lukaHope-Thaylor ngehemoglobin lwakhokelela ingcali yezibalo nefiziksi yaseIreland-yaseBritani uGeorge Gabriel Stokes ukuba afunde “ngokuncipha kombala nokufakwa kweoksijini kweeproteni ezisegazini.”

Ngo-1864, uGeorge Gabriel Stokes kunye noFelix Hoppe-Seyler bafumanisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ze-spectral ze-oksijini-ecebileyo kunye ne-oksijini-igazi elihlwempuzekileyo phantsi kokukhanya.
Uvavanyo lukaGeorge Gabriel Stokes noFelix Hoppe-Seyler ngowe-1864 lwafumana ubungqina obucacileyo behemoglobin ebophelela kwioksijini.Baqaphela:
Igazi elityebileyo ngeoksijini (ihemoglobin ene-oksijini) ibonakala ibomvu cherry eqaqambileyo phantsi kokukhanya, ngelixa igazi elingenawo ioksijini (i-hemoglobin engena oxygen) ibonakala imnyama bumfusa-bomvu.Isampulu yegazi efanayo iya kutshintsha umbala xa ibonakaliswe kugxininiso lweoksijini eyahlukeneyo.Igazi elityebileyo ngeoksijini libonakala libomvu ngokuqaqambileyo, ngelixa igazi elingenayo ioksijini libonakala limfusa-bomvu.Olu tshintsho lombala lubangelwa kukutshintsha kweempawu zokufunxa okubonwayo kweemolekyuli zehemoglobin xa zidibana okanye zahlukana neoksijini.Oku kufunyanisiweyo kunika ubungqina obucacileyo be-spectroscopic yomsebenzi ophethe i-oksijini yegazi kwaye kubeka isiseko senzululwazi sokudibanisa i-hemoglobin kunye ne-oxygen.

Kodwa ngelo xesha u-Stokes no-Hope-Taylor babeqhuba iimvavanyo zabo, ekuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa amanqanaba e-oxygenation yegazi yesigulane kwakusekuthatha isampuli yegazi kunye nokuyihlalutya.Le ndlela ibuhlungu, iyahlasela, kwaye icotha kakhulu ukunika oogqirha ixesha elaneleyo lokuthatha amanyathelo kulwazi olunikezelayo.Kwaye nayiphi na inkqubo ephazamisayo okanye yokungenelela inokubangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ngakumbi ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesikhumba okanye iinaliti zeenaliti.Olu sulelo lunokuthi lwenzeke ekuhlaleni okanye lusasazeke lube lusulelo lwenkqubo.ngaloo ndlela ikhokelela kwezonyango
ingozi yonyango.

Ngowe-1935, ugqirha waseJamani uKarl Matthes wenza i<em>oximeter eyayikhanyisa igazi elixhonywe ezindlebeni ngobude bamaza amabini.
Ugqirha waseJamani uKarl Matthes wenza isixhobo ngowe-1935 esasincanyathiselwe kwingqameko yendlebe yomguli yaye sasinokukhanya ngokulula egazini lomguli.Ekuqaleni, imibala emibini yokukhanya, eluhlaza kunye nobomvu, yayisetyenziselwa ukubona ubukho be-hemoglobin ene-oksijini, kodwa ezo zixhobo zihlakaniphile, kodwa zinokusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukulinganisa kwaye zibonelela kuphela iindlela zokuzalisa kunokuba iziphumo zeparameter ezipheleleyo.

Umqambi kunye nesazi somzimba uGlenn Millikan wenza i-oximeter yokuqala ephathekayo kwi-1940s.
Umqambi waseMelika kunye ne-physiologist uGlenn Millikan wavelisa i-headset eyaziwa ngokuba yi-oximeter yokuqala ephathekayo.Kwakhona wavelisa igama elithi "oximetry".
Esi sixhobo senziwa ukuze sihlangabezane nemfuneko yesixhobo esisebenzisekayo sabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya beMfazwe Yehlabathi II abathi maxa wambi babhabhe baye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezibulawa yioksijini.Ii-oximeter zendlebe zikaMillikan zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwinqwelomoya yasemkhosini.

Ngowe-1948-1949: U-Earl Wood uphucula i-oximeter yeMillikan
Enye into engazange ihoywe nguMillikan kwisixhobo sakhe yayiyimfuneko yokwakha isixa esikhulu segazi endlebeni.
Ugqirha weKliniki yaseMayo u-Earl Wood wavelisa isixhobo se-oximetry esisebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya ukunyanzela igazi elingakumbi endlebeni, okukhokelela ekufundweni okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo ngexesha langempela.Esi sixhobo sentloko sasiyinxalenye yenkqubo yeWood ear oximeter eyapapashwa ngeminyaka yoo-1960.

Ngo-1964: URobert Shaw wenza i-oximeter yokuqala yokufunda indlebe
URobert Shaw, ugqirha wotyando eSan Francisco, wazama ukongeza amaza okukhanya ngakumbi kwi-oximeter, ephucula indlela yokuqala kaMatisse yokubona ukusebenzisa amaza okukhanya amabini.
Isixhobo sikaShaw siquka ubude bamaza asibhozo okukhanya, nto leyo eyongeza iinkcukacha ezininzi kwi-oximeter ukubala amanqanaba egazi ane-oxygen.Esi sixhobo sithathwa njenge-oximeter yokuqala yokufunda ngokupheleleyo.

Ngo-1970: I-Hewlett-Packard isungula i-oximeter yokuqala yorhwebo
I-oximeter kaShaw yayigqalwa njengebiza kakhulu, ininzi, kwaye kwakufuneka iqhutywe ngamavili ukusuka kwelinye igumbi ukuya kwelinye esibhedlele.Nangona kunjalo, kubonisa ukuba imigaqo ye-pulse oximetry iqondwa kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithengiswe kwiiphakheji zorhwebo.
I-Hewlett-Packard ithengise i-ear oximeter ye-eight-wavelength kwi-1970s kwaye iyaqhubeka nokubonelela nge-pulse oximeters.

Ngo-1972-1974: UTakuo Aoyagi uphuhlisa umgaqo omtsha we-pulse oximeter
Ngelixa ephanda iindlela zokuphucula isixhobo esilinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-arterial, injineli yaseJapan uTakuo Aoyagi wakhubeka ekufumaniseni okunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwenye ingxaki: i-pulse oximetry.Waqonda ukuba umlinganiselo weoksijini egazini lemithambo yegazi nawo unokulinganiswa ngokubetha kwentliziyo.

U-Takuo Aoyagi wazisa lo mgaqo kumqeshi wakhe u-Nihon Kohden, owathi kamva waphuhlisa i-oximeter OLV-5100.Yaziswa kwi-1975, isixhobo sithathwa njenge-oximeter yokuqala yehlabathi esekelwe kumgaqo we-Aoyagi we-pulse oximetry.Isixhobo asizange sibe yimpumelelo yorhwebo kwaye ukuqonda kwakhe kwakungahoywa ixesha.Umphandi waseJapan uTakuo Aoyagi udume ngokubandakanya "i-pulse" kwi-pulse oximetry ngokusebenzisa i-waveform eyenziwa yi-arterial pulses ukulinganisa nokubala i-SpO2.Wachaza okokuqala umsebenzi weqela lakhe ngo-1974. Ukwathathwa njengomqambi we-pulse oximeter yanamhlanje.

Ngo-1977, i-oximeter yokuqala ye-fingertip pulse OXIMET Met 1471 yazalwa.
Kamva, uMasaichiro Konishi noAkio Yamanishi baseMinolta bacebisa ingcamango efanayo.Ngo-1977, uMinolta wasungula i-oximeter yokuqala ye-fingertip pulse, i-OXIMET Met 1471, eyaqala ukuseka indlela entsha yokulinganisa i-pulse oximetry ngeminwe.

Ngo-1987, i-Aoyagi yayisaziwa kakhulu njengomqambi we-pulse oximeter yanamhlanje.I-Aoyagi ikholelwa "ekuphuhliseni ubuchwephesha bokubeka iliso obuqhubekayo" bokubeka iliso kwisigulane.I-pulse oximeters yanamhlanje ibandakanya lo mgaqo, kwaye izixhobo zanamhlanje zikhawuleza kwaye azibuhlungu kwizigulana.
Ngo-1983 i-pulse oximeter yokuqala ye-Nellcor
Ngowe-1981, ugqirha wokudambisa iintlungu uWilliam New noogxa bakhe ababini baseka inkampani entsha ebizwa ngokuba yiNellcor.Baye bakhulula i-pulse oximeter yabo yokuqala ngo-1983 ebizwa ngokuba yi-Nellcor N-100.I-Nellcor inenkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-semiconductor ukuthengisa ii-oximeter zeminwe efanayo.Akunjalo kuphela i-N-100 echanekileyo kwaye iphathekayo, iphinda ifake iimpawu ezintsha kwi-teknoloji ye-pulse oximetry, ngokukodwa isalathisi esivakalayo esibonisa izinga lokubetha kunye ne-SpO2.

I-oximeter yangoku ye-miniaturized fingertip pulse oximeter
I-Pulse oximeters ilungelelanise kakuhle kwiingxaki ezininzi ezinokuvela xa uzama ukulinganisa amanqanaba egazi le-oxygen yesigulane.Bazuza kakhulu kubungakanani obunciphayo beetshiphusi zekhompyuter, okubavumela ukuba bahlalutye ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kunye nedatha ye-pulse yentliziyo efunyenwe kwiipakethe ezincinci.Ukuphumelela kwedijithali kwakhona kunika iinjineli zonyango ithuba lokwenza uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuphucula ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokufunda kwe-pulse oximeter.

Ukuqukumbela
Impilo bubutyebi bokuqala ebomini, kwaye i-pulse oximeter ngumgcini wezempilo okufutshane nawe.Khetha i-pulse oximeter yethu kwaye ubeke impilo ezandleni zakho!Masinikele ingqalelo ekujongweni kweoksijini yegazi kwaye sikhusele impilo yethu neyeentsapho zethu!